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Mechanisms of Blood Retinal Barrier Disruption by HIV-1.
Abstract It has been found that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 RNA or antigens can be detected in the intraocular tissues of HIV-1 patients even under effective highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). In vivo, blood retinal barrier (BRB) establishes a critical, physiological guardian against microbial invasion of the eye, but may be compromised in the presence of HIV-1. Envelope glycoprotein gp120 is exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope, essential for virus entry into cells by attachment to specific cell surface receptors. The BRB disruption by glycoprotein gp120 has been widely recognized, whic...
Source: Current HIV Research - March 14, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Qian Y, Che X, Jiang J, Wang Z Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

RBP4, a Potential Biomarker of Frailty in HIV RBP4, a Potential Biomarker of Frailty in HIV
Might higher levels of retinol-binding protein 4 predict frailty in HIV-infected patients?HIV Medicine
Source: Medscape Hiv-Aids Headlines - July 24, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS Journal Article Source Type: news

The course of COVID-19 in four patients with HIV during the pandemic.
CONCLUSION: In this study, the effect of the immunological status of the patients on the course of COVID-19 and the developing vascular complications were evaluated in 4 patients with HIV. PMID: 33261541 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - November 30, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Turken M, Altan H, Atalay S, Kose S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Tropical Travel Trouble 009 Humongous HIV Extravaganza
LITFL • Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog LITFL • Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog - Emergency medicine and critical care medical education blog aka Tropical Travel Trouble 009 The diagnosis of HIV is no longer fatal and the term AIDS is becoming less frequent. In many countries, people with HIV are living longer than those with diabetes. This post will hopefully teach the basics of a complex disease and demystify some of the potential diseases you need to consider in those who are severely immunosuppressed. While trying to be comprehensive this post can not be exhaustive (as you can imagine any patient with a low ...
Source: Life in the Fast Lane - July 7, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Amanda McConnell Tags: Clinical Cases Tropical Medicine AIDS art cryptococcoma cryptococcus HIV HIV1 HIV2 PEP PrEP TB toxoplasma tuberculoma Source Type: blogs

Child Growth According to Maternal and Child HIV Status in Zimbabwe
Conclusions: HIV-infected infants had very high rates of growth failure during the first 2 years of life, particularly if IU or IP infected, highlighting the importance of early infant diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy. HEU infants had poorer growth than HIV-unexposed infants in the first 12 months of life.
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - August 19, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV Reports Source Type: research

Ocular manifestations of people living with HIV in Tunisia
Conclusion: Various ophthalmic manifestations were observed in PLWH. The most common lesion was retinopathy. Ocular involvement can be serious leading to poor visual prognosis, which requires close collaboration between the ophthalmologist and infectious disease physician.
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - March 19, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Dorsaf Saadouli Source Type: research

Vitamin A supplements for reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission.
CONCLUSIONS: Antepartum or postpartum vitamin A supplementation, or both, probably has little or no effect on mother-to-child transmission of HIV in women living with HIV infection and not on antiretroviral drugs. The intervention has largely been superseded by ART which is widely available and effective in preventing vertical transmission. PMID: 28880995 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 7, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Wiysonge CS, Ndze VN, Kongnyuy EJ, Shey MS Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Sociodemographic predictors associated with the spectrum of non-opportunist neuroretinal disease of non-infectious etiology in patients with HIV/AIDS: a scoping review.
CONCLUSIONS: HIV/AIDS patients who present at the ophthalmological consultation with the suggested sociodemographic predictors have a high risk of visual impairment due to non-infectious retinopathy, therefore prevention, diagnosis and treatment efforts directed at these diseases should be increased. PMID: 33579528 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia - February 15, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol Source Type: research

RALDH Activity Induced by Bacterial/Fungal Pathogens in CD16 < sup > + < /sup > Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Boosts HIV Infection and Outgrowth in CD4 < sup > + < /sup > T Cells
J Immunol. 2021 May 24:ji2001436. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001436. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHIV reservoirs persist in gut-homing CD4+ T cells of people living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy, but the antigenic specificity of such reservoirs remains poorly documented. The imprinting for gut homing is mediated by retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A-derived metabolite produced by dendritic cells (DCs) exhibiting RA-synthesizing (RALDH) activity. RALDH activity in DCs can be induced by TLR2 ligands, such as bacterial peptidoglycans and fungal zymosan. Thus, we hypothesized that bacterial/fungal pathogens triggerin...
Source: Journal of Immunology - May 25, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Am élie Cattin Vanessa Sue Wacleche Natalia Fonseca Do Rosario Laurence Raymond Marchand Jonathan Dias Annie Gosselin Eric A Cohen J érôme Estaquier Nicolas Chomont Jean-Pierre Routy Petronela Ancuta Source Type: research

Effect of vitamin A and vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress in HIV and HIV-TB co-infection at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) Nigeria
Conclusion: HIV/TB co-infection and HIV mono-infection seems to diminish the capacity of the anti-oxidant system to control oxidative stress, however exogenous anti-oxidant supplementation appears not to have beneficial roles in positively modulating the associated oxidative stress.Keywords: Oxidative stress, HIV, TB, anti-oxidants, vitamin A,vitamin C
Source: African Health Sciences - July 12, 2017 Category: African Health Source Type: research

Correlation between inner retinal layer thickness and cognitive function in HIV: new insights from an exploratory study
Conclusion: GCL was thinner in HIV patients with cognitive impairment. GCL thickness correlated positively with cognitive function and negatively with age in HIV patients. GCL thickness may reflect accelerated cognitive aging in HIV.
Source: AIDS - June 29, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science: Concise Communications Source Type: research

Proteomics analysis of blood plasma in HIV-infected patients with chronic kidney disease.
CONCLUSION: The data suggests four proteins that may be used as biomarkers of CKD in HIV-infected patients. Further validation in a larger cohort of HIV-infected patients is necessary for assessing the clinical use of these proposed biomarkers for CKD. PMID: 31401122 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Biochemistry - August 7, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lavinya AA, Lee CS, Hashim OH, Azwa I, Rajasuriar R, Lim SK, Wong YF Tags: Clin Biochem Source Type: research

Retinal Thinning in People With Well-Controlled HIV Infection
Conclusions: People with HIV on antiretroviral therapy have thinning of the RNFL and GC-IPL of the retina, and women particularly are affected to a greater degree. This retinal thinning was associated with worse performance on tests of information processing speed.
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

An efficient approach to estimate the risk of coronary artery disease for people living with HIV using machine-learning-based retinal image analysis
CONCLUSION: In this cohort of Asian PLWH at risk of cardiovascular diseases, retinal characteristics, either alone or combined with traditional risk factors, had superior performance in assessing coronary atherosclerosis and obstructive CAD.SUMMARY: People living with HIV in an Asian cohort with risk factors for cardiovascular disease had a high prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). A machine-learning-based retinal image analysis could increase the accuracy in assessing the risk of coronary atherosclerosis and obstructive CAD.PMID:36827291 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0281701
Source: Atherosclerosis - February 24, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Grace Lui Ho Sang Leung Jack Lee Chun Kwok Wong Xinxin Li Mary Ho Vivian Wong Timothy Li Tracy Ho Yin Yan Chan Shui Shan Lee Alex Pw Lee Ka Tak Wong Benny Zee Source Type: research